by Yann, Robin, Nathan, Thibault
I- Economic fondation
Agriculture is today a big industry with an only goal: produce always more. This system is a disaster on ecology, economy and social point of view. A new solution is possible: Sustainable farming.
This pillar has one of the most important places for our society of consummation. Economical part of sustainable development doesn’t have to put out the social and the social pillar; for example if we suppress jobs and we pollute to have more money it is not consider as sustainable development. So it is our job to find the balance of this system.
The system of industrial agriculture have just one goal: gain more money. In one hand it’s good for international market and the economical system, but in a second hand little producers can’t gain enough money to live because they have to adapt their prices to concurrence the others industrial companies. Industrial companies have inputs and they have also modern machines so they can produce more to earn more money. They are producing in very big quantities and they can make a big concurrence and crush the little producers.
The solution of this problem is sustainable farming system, where prices can’t fall so down, and where little producers can earn money and feed themselves.
To produce in sustainable farming little producers have to gain more money to adapt their farming, for that they have to respect some rules: not use inputs ore others chemical products because of the circle of chemical addiction, feed their families, send their children at school, they have to accept to sell their products more expansively that industrial companies products, they also have to use special plants who can adapt to the climate; to feed the local population and make the local economy good.
In the second part customer’s have to accept to buy local products which are issued of sustainable farming, they also have to accept to buy expansively to encourage the little producers to continue their fight against big groups. The role of the customer is so big because if a big group of people want to change.
Sources :
http://www.greenmaterials.fr/environnement-social-et-economique-les-3-piliers-du-developpement-durable/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enmMC0PILqE
II- Social fondation
Sustainable farming is a way to farm which will keep being productive and gainful. It will preserve resources and protect the environment, while enhancing the health and the security of the inhabitants.
It will allow creating employment and improving earnings and create employment by the deleting of a part of the mechanization of farming. The lands will be distributed more fairly between the farmers, it will avoid some of them to have no land as currently in Brazil.
Nowadays, some solutions already exist to reach these objectives like the “fair trade” label. The products with this label are more expensive but they are buy to local producers which allows them to have a better remuneration. But they are still many things to do such as distribution of land.
Sources :
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_durable
https://developpementdurable.revues.org/9076
III- Environnement fondation
Actual agriculture is founded on non-respectful techniques.
Indeed, we burn forests to obtain more crops of land and we intensively use inputs, engines that consume hydrocarbons and pollute the atmosphere, over watering and GMOs.
A- Actual way of farming
The mechanization of farming includes the suppression of jobs and the consumption of hydrocarbons, which are fossil energies, so not renewable. These ones are used at unsustainable rates and emit CO2 and create greenhouse effect.
GMOs means Genetically Modified Organisms, these are organisms that where modified in laboratory to improve their productivity; they’re sterile so you must buy new seeds each year. It makes the farmers dependent to Multinationals firms. The effects of GMOs on the health are not proved because we need time and generation of use to know there effects, so it may be dangerous for us… Add-on the few studies made, were made by the producer (Monsanto for example) so they might have been falsified.
Agricultural inputs are defined as products permitted for use in organic farming. These include feedstuffs, fertilizers and chemicals products (pesticides, fungicides, weed killers, phytosanitary products and other products).
The goals of inputs are to improve the yield of land by whatever means possible, so kill pest animals and destruct the biodiversity is not a problem. Effects of inputs are:
The current agriculture is primarily the culture of one type of plant in big plots of land, its consequences are the depletion of soil Monoculture of plants that needs lot of water leads drought (70% of the water is used for agriculture in the world) as seem as overwatering, overwatering leads increase of the salinity in ground too and increase of parasite of the cultivated plant, so it need more inputs, it’s a vicious circle.
III Solutions
However, it exist a type of culture that is more respectful of environment, which support both biodiversity conservation and production:
Eco friendly agriculture
It is like polyculture but a minded polyculture that is to say using relationships between plants to protect them against diseases and predators. In the “Ferme du Bec Hellouin”, the farmers have farmed 1 ha with these process and got a wage of 1571€/farmer when the average wage of cattle farmers is 1208€ (in France the same year).
Moreover, we can use drip irrigation which use just the necessary quantity of water. Those systems can cost a lot but they are very useful and money and water saving.
We must changer our habits too, actually, nowadays, we need 15.000 liters of water to make1 kg of beef and 800 liters of water to make 1 kg of wheat, furthermore, 7 to 16 kg vegetables are required to produce 1 kg of meet, so, if we want to reduce the consumption of inputs and energy we can reduce our consumption of meet, bye the bye, it would reduce the thirst and the hunger in the world by increasing the quantity of food.
SOURCES :
Mme Bardin.INC
http://www.sustainabletable.org/804/industrial-crop-production
https://www.organicconsumers.org/old_articles/Organic/IndustrialAg502.php
http://www.agriculture-durable.org/
http://www.fermedubec.com/inra/Rapport-%C3%A9tude-2011-2015-Bec-Hellouin_30112015-2.pdf
Le figaro
Pierre Rabhi
Conclusion
Finally, we can say that sustainable farming can be a solution. However, it’s quite difficult to satisfy the different pillars because they can be contradictory. Everybody must act to save and feed the world: the farmers and producers, the companies and after all the costumers. They have to change their habits of consummation and work together.
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